Descriptive Text

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Descriptive Text

1. Definition (Pengertian)

Descriptive text is a text that describes a person, place, animal, or thing in detail so the reader can imagine it clearly.

Descriptive text adalah teks yang menggambarkan seseorang, tempat, hewan, atau benda secara detail sehingga pembaca dapat membayangkannya dengan jelas.


2. Purpose (Tujuan)

To describe a specific person, place, animal, or thing.

Untuk menggambarkan seseorang, tempat, hewan, atau benda tertentu.


3. Structure (Struktur)

Identification / Classification – Introduces the subject (Siapa atau apa yang akan dideskripsikan).


Description – Describes the parts, qualities, or characteristics (Bagian-bagian, kualitas, atau sifat dari subjek).


4. Language Features (Ciri Kebahasaan)

Use of adjectives (penggunaan kata sifat) → tall, short, beautiful, kind.


Use of simple present tense → She has…, He is…, They like…


Use of linking verbs (kata kerja penghubung) → is, am, are, has, have.


5. 

Example: Descriptive Text about a Friend in the Class

Title: My Best Friend in Class

Identification:
I have a best friend in my class named Rina. She is my classmate since the first year of junior high school.

Description:
Rina is a cheerful girl with long black hair and bright brown eyes. She is always neat and wears her school uniform perfectly. Rina is very smart, especially in mathematics, and she often helps me with my homework. She is also kind and friendly to everyone, so many students like her. During breaks, we usually chat or read books together in the library. I feel lucky to have Rina as my best friend in class.

5. Vocabulary List (related to describing a friend)

English                       Meaning (Indonesian)
cheerful                        ceria
neat                        rapi
smart                        pintar
friendly                        ramah
classmate                        teman sekelas
lucky                        beruntung

6. Exercises

A. Multiple Choice

Read the text about Rina above and answer the questions.

  1. What subject is Rina good at?
    a. English
    b. Mathematics
    c. Science
    d. History

  2. What color are Rina’s eyes?
    a. Black
    b. Blue
    c. Brown
    d. Green

  3. Where do the writer and Rina usually spend their break time?
    a. In the canteen
    b. In the library
    c. In the garden
    d. In the classroom

B. Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the correct adjective from the box.

Box: smart – cheerful – friendly – lucky – neat

  1. My best friend is always smiling and looks __________.

  2. She is very __________ in solving math problems.

  3. Everyone likes her because she is __________ to all classmates.

  4. I feel __________ to have her as my best friend.

  5. She always wears a __________ uniform to school.

C. Writing Task

Write a descriptive text (about 80–100 words) about one of your friends in the class.
Follow this structure:

  • Identification (Who is your friend?)

  • Description (What does he/she look like? What is his/her personality? What activities do you do together?)

7. Tips for Writing a Good Descriptive Text

  • Use specific details (don’t just say “She is pretty,” say “She has long wavy hair and bright eyes”).

  • Focus on one topic (don’t mix describing a person with a place in one text).

  • Use present tense for describing facts.

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